There are several options when it comes to stone finishes, but a polished finish is by far the most popular choice in regards to staining and scratching factors.
Antique: An antique finish can be defined as a brush, slightly textured finished with a dull appearance. While it can be used for countertops, it may be a better choice for fireplace surrounds, or flooring applications, etc.
Honed: A honed finish can be defined as a matte finish, that has a dull look and is non-reflective in nature. It is also fairly popular for grantie countertops, but the honing process does make the material more susceptible to staining and scratching.
Leather: A leather finish is smooth and soft and appears slightly more polished than a honed finish, but with a slight texture.
Polished: A polished finish can be defined as a reflective, mirror gloss finish. It is by the most popular and best choice for granite countertops in regards to staining and scratching factors.
Satin: Offers a smooth, softer look. It has a vibrant, non-reflective finish, while maintinaing durability.
Thermal/Flamed: A thermal or flamed finish can be defined as a rough texture varying in depth. It is produced with the use of a high temperature flame that is quickly run across the surface of the stone. This type of finish can be used for flooring, fireplace surrounds, etc.